The role of Stress on Project Managers in the Construction Industry in India
The goal of this chapter is to introduce the research subject, The Role of Stress on Project Managers in the Construction Industry in India, and to lay out the content of the next parts. In the background section of the chapter, which serves as the foundation for the research topic, five important papers are reviewed in order to spot a gap in the body of knowledge. The gap in knowledge regarding stress among project managers within the Indian construction industry is then highlighted as the research concern. The chapter then addresses the study's addition to current knowledge, highlighting the importance of the research findings for both theoretical and practical applications. The significance of the study to the general public is also discussed, along with how project managers, construction firms, and India's construction industry as a whole can gain from its findings. The chapter also provides an overview of the study's goals, objectives, and research questions. The objectives and research questions provide specific areas of attention to achieve the aim, which is to explore the effects of stress on project managers in India's construction industry. The chapter concludes with an overview of the chapter names and objectives as well as the dissertation structure. The reader's journey through the research is mapped out by this structure. Evaluating the complete overview of the study on stress of project managers in construction project management in India, the subsequent sections of background, research problems, research aims, objectives and questions, dissertation structure and chapter summary have been discussed through various perspectives.
The impact of stress on project managers in India's construction sector is a big issue. India's construction business is renowned for being difficult and complicated due to the numerous stakeholders, constrained resources, and tight timelines (Ogunnusi et al., 2020). Within these limitations, project managers are essential to guarantee successful project completion. They are, nonetheless, exposed to a variety of stressors due to the rigorous nature of their profession. Due to issues including a heavy workload, a constrained timeline, a lack of resources, and dealing with unforeseen difficulties and delays, project managers in the construction sector frequently experience significant levels of stress (Xie et al, 2022). They are in charge of leading varied teams, working with suppliers and subcontractors, ensuring legal compliance, and upholding quality standards over the course of the project. These obligations can lead to high-pressure situations and elevated stress levels, especially when combined with the requirement to meet client expectations. Furthermore, a competitive climate, significant market demands, and a hierarchical organizational structure all contribute to the competitiveness of the Indian construction business (Khosravi et al., 2020). As a result, project managers are under more pressure to accomplish project objectives while managing these dynamics. The existing study has analyzed that there are very few research studies present on which stress-related issues of project managers in construction project management in India have been negotiated so in that case it may be supposed to as a literature gap.
In order to understand how stress affects project managers' performance, job satisfaction, and general well-being, it is important to identify the particular stressors that are specific to the construction sector as well as potential strategies for reducing stress and enhancing project outcomes.
The focus of the research question is on how stress affects project managers in India's construction sector. By examining the particular difficulties and effects of stress on project managers in India's construction industry, it seeks to add to the body of knowledge (KV et al., 2019). There is a need for a more focused analysis of the particular environment and factors relevant to project managers in India, even if past research has examined stress in project management and the construction sector in general. This study will advance knowledge by shedding light on the particular pressures that project managers in the Indian construction sector must deal with. It will examine the common stressors in the construction industry in India, including looming deadlines, escalating costs, labor shortages, and intricate regulatory requirements. It will also look at how stress affects project managers' ability to execute their jobs, their overall health, and the success of their projects. The study will provide useful recommendations for stakeholders in the construction sector, such as project management experts, construction firms, and policymakers, by solving this research challenge. The results can help to establish more focused interventions, regulations, and assistance programs to lessen stress and enhance project management techniques in the Indian construction industry (Gunduz and Almuajebh 2020). Additionally, it will advance knowledge of stress in project management within the particular context of the Indian construction sector, which will add to the body of academic literature. The contribution to knowledge explicitly addresses the literature gap as various previous studies have focused on how to improve the skill and proficiency of the project managers and how to make manipulation in project management by the managers but in this present study of stress of project managers in construction project management in India have completely highlighted on the stress regarding factors of project managers for which growth of the organization may be interrupted. Therefore, this particular study has focused on resolving stress-related issues and this makes the study unique whereas other studies have not discussed this topic in prior.
The results of this study on the impact of stress on project managers in India's construction sector are very important to a larger audience. The development of India's infrastructure and economy are both significantly influenced by the building industry. In order to successfully complete construction projects within the limits of time, money, and quality, project managers are essential (Moradi et al., 2020). Project managers may experience stress due to the construction industry's reputation for having a rigorous and high-pressure work environment. It is important for the general public as well as those who operate in this profession to comprehend how stress affects project managers in the construction business. Due to the growth of structures, roads, bridges, and other infrastructure that people depend on every day, construction projects directly affect society. Project managers' ability to make decisions, communicate, and work as a team can all be impacted by stress, which can have an impact on project costs, schedules, and quality (Moradi et al, 2020). The results of this study, which examined how stress affects project managers, can help create strategies and interventions that will lessen stress and improve project managers' well-being and productivity in the construction sector. The successful completion of building projects, enhanced infrastructure, and general societal well-being can all result from this (KV et al., 2019). As a result, not only project managers but also construction businesses, policymakers, and the general public in India should be aware of the study's conclusions.
Research Aim
To investigate the drivers and barriers to stress management amongst Project Managers in the Construction industry within India.
Research objectives
● To examine the connection between project managers' overall performance in managing projects and their levels of stress.
● To examine the effects of stress on project managers in India and the construction sector.
● To Identify the sources that project managers in India and the construction sector experience.
● To analyze the tactics and measures that can successfully reduce the negative impacts of stress on project managers and improve team performance.
Research questions
● How does a project manager's level of stress affect how well they handle projects in general?
● What is the relationship between team collaboration within project teams and project manager stress levels in the Indian construction industry?
● How does stress affect the project managers' ability to make decisions and solve problems in the Indian construction sector?
● What strategies and actions may be taken to successfully lessen stress's harmful effects on project managers and enhance team performance?
A dissertation's structure normally consists of a number of crucial sections that serve to offer a thorough and orderly framework for presenting research findings and analysis. Introduction, literature review, methodology, findings and analysis, conclusion, and suggestions are some of these sections. Each component, which tries to cover particular facets of the research issue, is essential to the overall organization.
Chapter 1: Introduction
The introduction, which serves as the first paragraph, gives a general outline of the dissertation's topic matter, goals, and relevance. In addition to outlining the study's scope and objectives, it provides the study's context.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
The literature review looks at current scholarly writings, theories, and research on the subject. It identifies the knowledge gaps and supports the need for the investigation, demonstrating the researcher's expertise with the body of previous research.
Chapter 3: Methodology
The research approach, design, and methods used to gather and analyse data are described in the methodology section. It includes information about the research plan, methods for gathering data, sampling strategies, and any ethical issues. This part guarantees the study's openness and reprehensibility.
Chapter 4: Findings and Analysis
The research's findings are presented, and the data gathered is examined, in the findings and analysis section. To analyse the results, it might use statistical analysis, qualitative interpretations, or other pertinent techniques. Tables, graphs, and charts are frequently used as visual aids to complement this section.
Chapter 5: Conclusion
The main findings are outlined in the conclusion and recommendations section along with their implications and suggestions for further study or practical implementations. It compiles the dissertation's main ideas and emphasizes their importance in relation to the study's goals.
The purpose of Chapter 1 was to introduce the research topic, The Role of Stress on Project Managers in the Construction Industry in India, and to lay out what would be covered in the following chapters. In order to fill a knowledge gap and highlight a research concern connected to stress among project managers in the Indian construction sector, the background section of the chapter began by reviewing five significant studies. The study's addition to existing knowledge was then highlighted in the chapter, with special emphasis placed on the significance of the research findings for both theoretical and practical applications. The study's importance to the general public was also covered, along with its prospective advantages for project managers, construction companies, and the Indian construction sector. A summary of the research objectives, goals, and research questions was also included in the chapter, which examined how stress affected project managers in the Indian construction sector. The chapter closed by directing the reader through the research trip with a summary of the chapter names, objectives, and overall structure of the dissertation.
The study focuses on the stress of project managers in the Indian construction industry. Project management has been evaluated as a major part in modern projects. It helps to organize projects significantly and at the same time helps to execute the project successfully. Besides this, project management is also an important factor in modern projects to maintain project schedules, budgets and workflow effectively. Besides this, it has also been explored that effective project management helps in fulfilling the goals of a project significantly and at the same time assists in delivering milestones effectively. The approaches of project management are generally executed suitably by the project managers. The project manager helps to manage the project efficiently by following all the major protocols and strategies. The project managers control and coordinate the project throughout its entire course resulting in immense pressure on the project managers. The importance of project managers enlarges in construction projects as complexities and obstructions are very high. The construction projects possess different stages and several activities which require massive control and coordination. The project manager single-handedly manages all the activities of the projects which helps to accomplish the projects significantly. All these tasks in construction projects sometimes lead to massive stress for project managers. The higher complexities and massive obstructions in the project process puts pressure on project managers which ultimately leads to higher stress in project managers. The stress sometimes impacts the performance of project managers leading to inappropriate decisions and mistakes in project planning. Thus, stress management is a highly important factor for project managers in the construction industry. The stress of project managers has been found to be very high in Indian construction sectors. The role of stress in project managers of the Indian construction industry has been assessed in this study. The section of the study has tried to gather knowledge from the various articles of different authors for the research which will assist the researcher effectively. Moreover, the objectives of the study are to analyze the interaction of project managers' entire performances to manipulate the projects and evaluate the effects of stress on the project managers in India and the construction sector.
This project is basically a construction-based project where the project contains buildings such as shopping malls or single-dwelling residences. Each project has many segments that must be accurately harmonized. Compared to any other project, construction project management has a particular stage or phase and it is mission-based. (Guo and Zhang, 2022) states the whole project will be accomplished throughout the process from designing to planning and scheduling to the build itself. This project management each phase is more complex for a comprehensive process and so complicated. Nowadays, for construction project management, project managers use a kind of software to make plans easier and track projects to deliver complete services on time and specifically under budget. Besides, to work with construction projects the project manager's outlook must be inclusive as construction management usually includes a comprehensive variety of restrictions to consider that are determined to the design and build of construction projects. Additionally, there are diverse types of construction projects that depend on the construction sector. The study of (Li et al, 2019) generally indicates two sectors in construction are conventionally used such as residential and commercial and there are four individual different types of projects works also which are residential home building and redevelopment, heavy industrial construction, commercial and established construction and Engineering construction.
Construction is a traditional project and most of the construction project management uses the waterfall technique. It is a technique with obvious landmarks, tasks on due dates, achievements and assumptions from the project owner or stakeholders (Stanitsas and Kirytopoulos, 2023). The term waterfall adorns the technique of process which moves downhill towards accomplishment. There are five stages of construction projects which are a must for a successful managing team. It includes planning and development, design, stage prior, possession, and construction. The construction market size in India was valued in 2022 at $701.7 billion and it is hereby forecast and also expected to improve or achieve its size by more than 6% from 2024 to 2027 supported by funds in the construction of convey, electricity and housing projects.
A huge development in construction project management in India is increasingly growing nowadays (Jadhav et al, 2023). As per (HasanandKamardeen, 2023) In India, construction management deals with cost-cutting, quality control, welfare measures, and other construction-related expertise. A construction manager pursues someone’s idea turned into reality. Further, construction management students are taught with great care and giving importance to learning the skills of designing and planning of construction sites according to the owners’ requirements and stability. A progression has shown in construction techniques presently from ancient times. As the construction industry has made deals with other nation-states with a large economic share, in that case, they will have to enhance the growth of the nation and maintain it properly which is necessary for strong financial management. According to (Jadhav et al, 2023) there is an economic threatening issue for India that has been created also whereas 20% of the projects faced cost overrun in the year 2021. (Riaz et al, 2023) states TQM is a quality-based procedure or a key factor that is used in construction project management and its aim is for long-term success through customer satisfaction. However, the main obstacles to implementing TQM in developing countries encompass the absence of management dedication, insufficient proficiency, deficiency of worker involvement, lack of worker delegation, adamant attitude and behavioral factors, etc. On the other hand, (Yuan et al, 2023) stated that by follow-up or through the process of TQM implementation in the construction sectors various factors would be changed such as organizational status will be improved, substantial market share, and more client satisfaction can be achieved frequently. Using this well-regarded approach there are various benefits that must have to come in any construction project management. There are many advantages as well as disadvantages created in the project management approach in the Indian construction industry. The foremost advantage is the fact that a specified project is usually handled or managed by an individual project manager as one person can concentrate only on that particular project which makes it more potential to achieve success. Secondly, it assists the company in improving administrative qualities in talented people by allocating them from small projects to big projects which may create or turn into a commendatory atmosphere in the company and that is why people may know well the sufficient scope for growth. Apart from these, manipulating projects from beginning to its accomplishment can assist to control project costs and help a manager intercept his budget, recognize problems or issues that turned into roadblocks and it will also help a business to run it in a proper way, ensure on time delivery, satisfied customers and makes the project more professionalism (Sayidganiev et al, 2022).
Ingle et al, (2023) stated that despite this project’s enormous advantages there are so many disadvantages to be signified. The biggest disadvantage of construction project management is that it is often seen that sometimes it conducts overlaying of authority and responsibilities and roles between the top and project management where both of the team suffers with confusion and as a result further project will be suffered. Another issue of this project management is that if there is no efficient staff to carry forward roles and responsibility of project manager and if manager decides to select inefficient staff to do work, then project definitely will be hampered and will bring a biggest failure leading to losses for the company. It is also a limitation of construction project management when there are not enough project managers to handle individual projects simultaneously and one manager controls more than one project literally (Priya et al, 2022). From this perspective, it all should not be maintained or followed up to sustain its stability.
Wu and Zheng (2019) states that to achieve a construction project management complete success or achievement, the project manager plays a crucial role in implementing all the factors accurately. Generally, most of the responsibilities have to be taken over by them. Project managers look after the planning and obvious forecast in the construction project’s delivery factors. They ensure the customers or owners that the work order is to be accomplished on time and within budget. A project manager must have some specific skills such as leadership and business management skills, computer operating systems knowledge, hardware and software regarding efficiency, ability to use any enterprise, must be attentive to thorough detail, math knowledge, and also excellence in verbal communications and so on. As per (Paul et al, 2023) most of the responsibility of construction project management is taken over by the manager so the manager should involve in selecting and detailing a correct project team and properly guiding them. (Moza et al, 2023) opined that the duties of project managers include such as cooperating with engineers, and architectures to regulate the identifications of the project. Arranging contracts with external traders to reach more profitable agreements, gaining a license and its permit from appropriate authorities, identifying the necessity of resources from beginning to end within budgetary limitations (workforce, equipment, and materials). Furthermore, the manager’s duty is to plan all construction functioning and timetable of each phase to ensure limited time will be met. Managers would obtain tools and monitor stocks timely for inadequacies and hire contractors and allocate other staff and their responsibilities to do.
Rahman et al, (2020) stated that the project manager should work with the team by keeping faithfulness, loyalty and must be aware of all health, wealth and safety standards as per their need. Although a proven construction project manager experience is required to start up regarding this factor. In this project management, the entire process can be time-consuming and high cost but it makes up a company's structured infrastructure to achieve project goals and endeavors to find out better outcomes. Overall project management is favorable for companies as every company wants to develop expertise, minimize risks, reduce costs and also improve product or service outcomes. The study of (Gunduz and Almuajebh, 2020) opined that the project manager can help to direct engagement with the blueprint or design team and creates a local supply chain gradually. On the other hand, this process is a riskier approach and expensive for the client and sometimes it may fail to sufficiently manipulate the accurate or real quality of the project and may also not be able to deliver the project on time or budget (Filardi et al, 2020).
Effective construction project management is benevolent for owners or customers by continuously increasing the probable success or completion of a project. The importance of construction project management is constructive. This project management is likely vital especially for large scale projects where initially have more potential for issues that could crucially delay the specific project. (Bougie and Sekaran, 2019) A construction manager estimates each and every project’s design decision with great care and surveys that calculates the impact that decision will make within the budget and schedule. Without a professional construction team, it may lead to disaster for the entire project. When a project includes a construction manager earlier to control the working process, the construction manager is not just capable of making a better plan or forecast for potential issues further for the company but the project also benefits from the construction manager’s ability to seek out funds and time saving privilege. In the first step of construction project management involves creation of plans and forecasts at first, processes, budgets and the classification of resources.
Htoo et al, (2023) opined that predominantly, construction project management contains some of the functions and tasks to finish the objectives or ultimate aim and requirements of the project that are cost management, arranged management, quality management, safety management, change management, scrutiny and documentation. In cost management, the manager usually ensures the potential control funds and tracks it throughout the construction process by allocating budget. In arranged management, the actual work is to analyze the map and gradually follow up a master timeline to finish the construction project’s tasks on time. Zhu et al, (2022) states that in quality management, it is the project manager’s responsibility to improve, implement and detect quality affirmation and also quality controlled protocols for each and every level of construction work to reach and satisfy the owner’s standards, purpose and requirements. (Jeschke, 2022) opined that apart from these, another important function is safety management where it is to establish a course of action to obey safety within the construction site and building before tenancy. The project manager generally evaluates, carry out and modify necessary documents in the original construction plan. In the inspection process, project manager surveys regularly throughout the construction process to substantiate its quality, legal adherence as well as safety. Similarly, documentation is the last process where all types of correspondent records, approvals, changeable orders are maintained.
The construction industry in India has become the second largest employer in 2020 - 2021. According to (Rani et al, 2022) Construction industry professionals including civil engineers, architects and contractors and in the Covid-19 situation, could not resume work due to the phenomena of lockdowns. This incident affected all country’s workforces and human resources with the construction industrial sectors. In other words, a pandemic situation had an impact on India’s construction industry as it depended on people more intensely at that time. Nowadays, the construction industry in India is anticipated to grow and expand between 2019 to 2028 at an annual average of 6.6% (Bajpai and Misra, 2022). Presently, Urban frameworks are inadequate so in that case it is unable to meet the actual demands of the existing urban population.
Therefore, the entire information regarding construction project management indicates that there is sufficient demand as well as importance exists in India for construction management and construction project managers. There are so many top construction companies in India such as Hurd Real Estate company, Masdar, velocity construction, Bu haleeba contracting etc . (Verma et al, 2022) opined that All of this construction company has been developed gradually in India and the populations of these companies in India are wide. Further, India’s most of the construction companies follows waterfall approaches which is the best style of project management they ever think and with the help of this styles deep roots in the construction industry has become achieved.
Figure1: Project Management
(Source: Sharma et al, 2022)
According to Antoni and Dhabhar (2019), Stress management develops a set of strategies that can assist to manage stress and challenges of the employees in a project. Management of a project is a very stressful activity that can affect the performance of the staff who are related to the project. Stress management decreases the adverse impact of stress on individuals’ mental and physical health. The stress management strategies have different types of strategies such as emotional, mental and behavioral. After using stress management on a regular basis, the project manager can optimize well-being. When the members of a project get stressed the project manager has to motivate them so that they can help the members to provide better results. After getting stressed the members can suffer from anxiety or depression. Stress management can help people to avoid failure and aid them to improve their careers. By applying stress management individuals can take control of their lives (Tranet al, 2020). It also can help in building a positive outlook as well as it can also help to handle challenges and stressful situations. If a person continuously gets stressed that can affect their health. They can suffer from various diseases and can enhance aging procedures. It also can be the cause of obesity and weight gain. Therefore, it is very important to find out the stresses and have to address it in the earlier stage by using effective stress management strategies. In recent days stress is a general thing in the workplace and it is hampering the performance of the people who are feeling stressed. It also can lead to low self-esteem and emotional burnout or worthless feelings. The stress can harm the growth of the career of the individual person. Thus, it is important to implement stress management in a workplace culture to decrease stress.
The study of Smith et al (2020), states that stress is a factor that cannot be unavoidable in every individual life. People who are working in an organization face various stress in their lives as well as in their workplace. Stress is a thing that can be developed for various reasons and it is emotional, physical and emotional feelings. The feelings can be visible in any event in individual lives. In organizations, employees are a very important component in organizational performance. But they are normal people who can face stress like emotional, physical, and mental stresses. For this reason, they can lose their focus in the tasks and offer low performance in all the operations in which they are involved. They are distracted by their own issues in the time of performing their activities (Altindag, 2020). The stresses are not controllable but it can be handled by avoiding the effects of the streets. This process is known as stress management. Its main work is to control and handle the stresses. It affects very badly on the performance of the employees in a project and it brings positive as well as motivating the employees. Thus, it has a huge impact on the organization and it can help the employees to be stress free that is necessary to improve their performance. They become focused on their tasks after applying stress management in the project and business edges are improving by using the process. Therefore, it is stated that the impact of stress and stress management can influence the performance of the employees. Stress management can identify the stress in different dimensions as well as it can handle or manage stress that can lead to the success of the project. Thus, stress management should be implemented in all the projects that will help to achieve success.
As per Kaur (2019), there are various strategies present that can help to improve the performance of the employees. Firstly, the project manager has to employ proper leadership structure that can help the employees to avoid stress. In the time of controlling stress, they have to propose an example for the employees in every situation of the business. It can manage the stress of the employees in an effective way. The managers of a project have to communicate with the employees in a transparent way regarding their work performance, company's goal and so others. The managers have to express the gratitude of the workforce of the project in an effective manner. The employees have to feel motivated for the tasks and not have to be forced for their tasks. The organization has to provide a flexible work culture to their employees that can help to motivate the employees (Hancock et al, 2019). They have made time for the employees’ relaxation and other extra work that can help them to avoid the stress. The manager has to introduce a program for the wellness of the employees. By the program the employees can solve issues of their diet, personal relationship, finances, exercise habits and so others. The program can influence the employees to produce positive behavior and can change the professional and personal level by reducing stress.
Figure 2: Stress Management Strategies
(Source: mondaycampaigns.org, 2023)
On the other hand, according to Loveys et al (2022), for reducing stress cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) can be used in an organization. It is a therapy that is trying to be focused on the thoughts of the people which are influencing the emotions and the behaviors of the employees. It mainly helps to avoid the harmful and negative thought trends which can encourage the feelings and the behaviors of the employees.
Figure 3: Cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM)
(Source: Urbanowicz, 2007)
There are various techniques present in the therapy that can help to reduce stress such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, mindfulness, relaxation activities and mindfulness (Asadbeygiet al, 2019). From some surveys it is stated that anxiety or depression can be treated by using the theory. Thus, the training of stress management cognitive behavioral can decrease the anxiety sensitivity and enhance the hopes for handling the challenges. The theory is very helpful for every person who is suffering from stress in every circumstance. It mainly attempts to reorganize the brain by developing fresh neural pathways by neutral thoughts. The main concept of the therapy is to recognize and transfer negative thinking trends as well as establishing problem solving skills.
According to Gupta (2019), the construction industry takes a big place in India's economy. In the current year it is the market of across USD 639 billion. The increased population is demanding more places for their shelter. Many buildings are developing for the reason that also improves the market of the sector. The industry is responsible for the overall development of the economy of India. With making buildings the sector also includes roads, bridges, urban infrastructure development and so others. By 2025, the Indian construction market is anticipated to grow to $1.4 Tn. Cities as Engines of Growth: 68 cities are expected to have an estimated population of more than one million, and urban population to contribute 75 percent of GDP (up from 63% now). India's construction market is divided into 250 subsectors and has connections with other industries. After the agriculture industry, the construction industry came in second place, providing jobs to the people of India. When compared to the 13 main economic sectors, the Indian construction industry comes in third. Construction is expected to contribute significantly to economic growth and provide buildings which improve efficiency and standard of life. Since solid infrastructure serves as the cornerstone for any additional projects and is given top priority by the government, the Indian construction industry is crucial in the nation's overall growth. The GDP contribution of the urban population is anticipated to change significantly, going from sixty-three percent to seventy-five percent In addition, 68 cities are expected to have a population of more than 1 million people by 2050. 250 interrelated sub-sectors make up India's expensive construction industry (Tripathi and Jha, 2019). In conclusion, there have been tremendous advancements and changes in the Indian building sector. Future developments in the sector are being shaped by a growing emphasis on environmentally friendly practices, digitization, and the application of innovative materials.
Figure 4: Indian Construction Market Size
(Source: mordorintelligence.com, 2023)
As per Dodanwalaet al (2022), stress factors that are affecting the construction industry of India mainly divide into four divisions. Some reports stated that the construction workers have high-level stress because of too much work, conflict demands and ambitious deadlines. Most of the employees are suffering from psychological stress due to lengthy working hours, lower salary and poor communication among workers and the managers of the projects. The workers who are stressed do not perform properly because they are poorly motivated, less productive and so others. The stress also leads to a huge amount of accident instances. The mental stresses create various problems for the workers that are leading to mental issues of the workers of the construction industry (Rahman and Gamil, 2019). They also suffer from various health problems because of stress like back pain and other pains. Construction workers' stress can result in a variety of issues, including muscle and joint disorders, anxiety, decreased productivity due to tardiness and tardiness, and mistakes which might compromise their own and their coworkers' health and safety. It is common knowledge that timeframes for building projects are sometimes quite short. It implies that the teams of workers whether they be skilled artisans, site teams, managers, or technical staff are subject to significant stress from their employers. The psychological well-being of construction employees is also negatively impacted by stress (Singh and Misra, 2021). Three times the national average in terms of rates of suicide, the construction industry also has the highest prevalence of cocaine and opiate usage among all industries. Work from heights in windy weather, utilizing machinery, carrying heavy objects, and engaging in other physically demanding tasks including excavating expose workers in construction to stressful and demanding situations often.
According to Fitriani and Ajayi (2023), the construction industry is an industry where huge amounts of stress are seen within the workers. The stresses are now trying to manage by applying proper technology or automation processes that will work as the requirements of the businesses. The managers have to create a schedule for work which can help the workers to avoid increased workload. Scheduling also will help the workers to avoid the pressure of the deadline. The project manager has to apply some relaxation techniques for the workers that can help them to reduce stress. They have to learn breathing exercises that can help them to be relaxed. There are several ways available that can aid in enhancing employees' performance. In order to prevent tension among the staff, the project manager must first implement an effective leadership structure. In order to manage stress, they must set an example for the staff in every event that arises in the workplace (Kong, 2022). It is capable of effectively managing the employees' stress. The project managers must be open and honest in their communications with the staff on their performance at work, the company's objectives, and other topics. The project managers must effectively convey their appreciation to the team members. Employees must be inspired to complete their responsibilities rather than being coerced. The company must provide its employees a flexible work environment that can aid in employee motivation. They have allocated time for the workers' downtime and various extra tasks that can help them stay stress-free. The management must roll out a program to promote staff wellbeing. By using the program, the staff may address difficulties with their food, relationships, economics, exercise habits, and other areas. By lowering stress, the program can modify the employees' behavior and affect both their professional and personal lives.
According to Cocchiara et al (2019), the construction industry is also applying cognitive behavioral stress management (CBSM) for managing psychological stress. It is a form of treatment that tries to concentrate on how people's thoughts affect how they feel and behave, particularly as it relates to their workers. It mostly aids in avoiding hazardous and unfavorable mental patterns that could influence how employees feel and behave. Deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, awareness, relaxation exercises, and mindfulness are just a few of the strategies used in treatment that can assist to lower stress. According to certain polls, the idea can be used to alleviate anxiety or depression. Therefore, stress management training that incorporates cognitive behavioral techniques can lessen anxiety sensitivity and raise aspirations for overcoming obstacles.
According to Dodanwalaet al. (2022), modern construction projects come with tight schedules and lots of pressure. The major reason behind stress among project managers have been strict time schedules of the project deliverables and milestones. The project managers have been seen to face issues in managing schedules due to several complexities in projects such as resource availability, manpower, etc. resulting in increased pressure on the project managers. Thus, project managers in search of finding ways to complete milestones within due time face immense challenges which enhance stress in project managers (Wang et al., 2020). Thus, maintaining deadlines has been a major source of stress for project managers in the construction industry. The study of Ballesteros-Sánchez et al. (2019) portrayed that the pressure of cost overrun has been a factor for stress among construction project managers. Due to higher complexities in the construction projects, it has been explored that the costs of the projects enhance at certain times resulting in higher pressure on the project managers to control cost. The enhancing expenses in the projects to keep track leads to an overflow of revenue leading to cost overruns. Thus, this factor enhances the stress of the project managers of construction projects as controlling and managing expenses as proposed budgets become challenging.
According to Pamidimukkala and Kermanshachi (2021), poor communication in the project team is another major cause of stress among project managers in the Indian construction industry. It has been explored that the project managers of construction sectors often face challenges in maintaining effective communication with the employees which leads to lower control over the project. The poor communication in the project leads to chances of employee strike and lower manpower which again causes huge amounts of stress among project managers of the construction firm. The insufficient communication and conversation among the project team and lower control over the employees is another source of stress among construction project managers. Besides this Dodanwala et al. (2021), mentioned that conflicting demands by the project workers or stakeholders also cause huge pressure on project managers. The author explored that changing demands by the stakeholders throughout the course of the projects leads to excessive efforts of the project managers to plan and strategize the project operations leading to higher pressure which ultimately enhances stress. Apart from this, threats and unwanted conflicts with employees regarding massive demand also put the project managers under huge stress. It impacts the project's standards and sustainability leading to higher pressure of the project managers which leads to higher stress among project managers. All these factors have been major issues that lead to higher stress among project managers in Indian construction sectors.
According to Qiu et al (2019), stress in project managers directly impacts their performance. It has been explored that project managers fail to utilize the opportunities and at the same time have to lose focus in the project phases. Project managers fail to select appropriate resources and also get restricted in making appropriate decisions. The study of Wu et al. (2019), portrayed that stress in project managers leads to physical concerns in project managers. It significantly leads to absenteeism leading to the downfall of the project. Besides this, the excessive stress leads to mistakes in project strategies leading to the collapse of project standards. Apart from this, the excessive stress leads to changes in behavior of the project managers which ultimately leads to greater conflicts in the projects. Excessive stress can also lead to mental disorders in project managers resulting in depression, frustration, and poor balance between personal and professional life.
There are several methods of managing the stress of project managers of construction projects. According to Quaglia et al. (2019), Neutral Cognition is one of the major approaches to stress management of project managers. It helps project managers to stay in the present and think realistically resulting in positive approaches. It helps project managers to remain open-minded which also assists in indulging flexibility in the project process. The Neutral Cognition method helps the project manager to innovatively which assists in focusing on the process rather than the outcomes which also reduces the stress. Apart from this, it has also been explored that Neutral Cognition assists in growing control of the situation which also helps to lower stress of the project managers. The study of Xiong et al. (2022), highlights that P-E Fit theory is another major approach for controlling and lowering stress of project managers of construction projects. It portrays that stress in project managers occurs due to a lack of balance between skills, competencies, and demands of the project. Thus, in such a situation proper interaction in the work environment is highly important which is represented by the P-E Fit Theory. It boosts the importance of communication among the project manager's perception and needs in the work environment which helps the project manager plan and execute the project efficiently helping in lowering the stress of project managers. Besides this, P-E Fit Theory also helps project managers to understand the project deliverables effectively which lowers the stress of the project manager of construction sectors. Based on this review, the approach of Neutral cognition fits best for the present study of the role of stress on project management in the construction industry within India as with the help of this approach stress regarding issues while management of project managers may be likely possible. Further, Neutral cognition assists the managers in making growth of the organization and provides flexibility in their management process by reducing the stress of the project managers.
Figure 5: P-E Fit Theory
(Source: semanticscholar.org, 2009)
According to Moradi et al. (2020), stress management of project managers has been valued majorly across different countries. Project managers help lead the success of a project by executing the project efficiently and thus stress management of project managers are highly important (De Rezende and Blackwell, 2019). In these circumstances, it has been explored that a proper reward system has been provided to the project managers beyond their salaries. The efforts of project managers have been highly valued in different markets and hence additional bonuses and rewards are provided to the project managers (Klindžić and Vlahov, 2019). Besides this, lack of leadership competency has been found as a major factor for stress of the project managers across the world. The lack of leadership traits leads to inappropriate control and hold of the projects which ultimately derails the projects from its actual path. Thus, this source of stress is nullified by conducting leadership training programs for the project managers (Ghorbani, 2023). The project managers are trained through proper seminars and workshops helping to shape and rejuvenate the leadership qualities of the project managers. The project manager becomes competent to lead project teams and project operations significantly leading to greater efficiency in the project which lowers the stress.
Besides this, one of the major factors which have been addressed across the world to lower project manager's stress in developing soft skills. According to Ghorbani (2023) poor soft skills of the project managers have led to massive issues in the project execution stage leading to poor management and control of the project. Thus, the poor management and control of the project drops the standards of the projects which eventually grows stress in project managers. Thus, the project managers have been evaluated and encouraged to take part in skills development and training programs. The training is hosted in presence of industry experts which helps project managers to develop their skills and competencies. It has been explored that the development of soft skills motivates the project managers and at the same time boosts their confidence which assists in lowering the stress among project managers (Almashhadani and Almashhadani, 2023). Apart from this, stress management in different countries across the world is done by providing trip facilities to the project managers. The construction project managers are provided with the complete package of a tour from the company's end. Thus, the leaves help to lower the work pressure from the project managers helping to develop their moral aspect. It has been found as essential for keeping the project managers relaxed, refreshed and dedicated to the project. It is an effective approach followed in the construction industry of different countries across the world to lower stress of the project managers. Besides this, the traditional project planning models have been replaced in most of the construction industries across the world. It has been explored that the project schedules are embedded with reserve days for each task which helps to lower stress of the project managers regarding strict deadlines. Moreover, it has also been explored that budget relaxation is also incorporated in the financial plan resulting in greater revenue and cash flows in the construction projects. All these factors ultimately lower the stress of the project managers resulting in better performance in the construction projects. Besides this, stress management of project managers is also done using Matrix mapping. The Eisenhower matrix is one of the most suitable matrices used for mapping day-to-day tasks (pmtoday.co.uk, 2020). The matrix is segmented across four major segments: do first, schedule, delegate, and don't do which easily helps a project manager to prioritize and identify the major tasks that are important and should be done urgently. Thus, it helps the project managers to leave the unwanted, relevant tasks leading to lesser work pressure. The proper mapping of the task across the matrix helps to pursue only relevant tasks which lowers the stress of the project managers.
Figure 6: Eisenhower matrix
(Source: asana.com, 2022)
2.7 Literature Gap
It has been analyzed that various studies in prior have been highlighted on their study only in the factors of how to improve the overall skills or technical expertise of the project managers in construction project management in India. Also, these enormous studies have endeavored to focus on their study how to manipulate and develop the entire management process with the help of project managers but very little number of studies exist in which project managers’ stress-related issues have been negotiated through these studies. Therefore, this literature review has focused on this study of stress-related trouble for project managers that they usually suffer while managing. Thus, having this specific gap this present literature review has tried to focus on the personal issues that may have created for the causes of excessive stress for the project managers.
The initial purpose of the study related to stress management factors of project managers in the construction project management. Literally, the predominant goals of the present literature review are evaluating the interrelationship between project managers’ overall performances and their stress level besides utilizing the specific strategy to successfully reduce the negative impacts of project managers’ stress levels. The study is based on the role of stress in the performance of project managers in Indian construction sectors. Thus, a detailed analysis of project management and the role of project managers in construction projects have been discussed in this study. The project management approaches relevant to the construction projects have been thoroughly discussed in the literature review. After that, the role of project managers in construction project management and its importance has been thoroughly observed. It has been explored that project managers play a major role in successful construction projects helping in the planning and execution of the project appropriately. It has been explored that project managers are highly crucial in construction management helping projects to get accomplished by fulfilling the major deliverables. Thus, all these works performed by the project managers lead to huge stress. The literature review has focused on major sources of stress among project managers of construction projects. The Indian construction industry has been majorly focused in the study and the major sources of stress in Indian project managers have been focused in this study. Besides this, the literature review has also explored the major stress management frameworks and models used in Indian construction sectors. The Neutral Cognition model is one such model that helps in the stress management of the project manager. Apart from this, stress management in other countries beyond India has also been focused. The major approaches adopted in other countries have also been assessed and based on that a comprehensive review is portrayed in this study. Thus, the literature review was completely performed regarding stress management of project managers of the construction industry where effects of stress on performance have also been observed.
The study aims to introduce the research subject which related the stress on the project managers in the construction industry in India. Basically, this study explores how the project managers in India usually overcome their stress related problems to reach the ultimate success by utilizing or applying some of the specific theories such as transactional theory, cognitive behavioural theory of stress etc. This present study will show all the factors that may be created in the changing and competitive work environment and also evaluate the recommendation to overcome it through some strategies. In these workplaces, stress levels are increasing both team members and PM’s and as a result of taking much stress, many managers usually show signs of chronic exhaustion and burnout. Generally, the project managers have more headaches such as managing people, stakeholders and assumptions of clients. Further, stress becomes automatically remarkable in the construction project managers while they are unable or fail to manage the role efficiently or feel wickedness in tasks. Therefore, in that case this present study endeavours to manifest the relevant resolving procedure to manipulate the overall situation. In this study, the researcher has decided to collect data through interviews and all the data collected are primary data. The study explores and uses a powerful framework of Saunders Onion to follow in selecting the appropriate research philosophy to develop a strategy. Basically, with the help of the Saunders model, the researcher can obtain an appropriate research philosophy which also it involves coordinating research and trying to develop a research design as well as strategy as per the layers of the research onion step by step. In this research methodology, the subsequent methods have been negotiated from which the entire data has been collected and all the data will help the researcher to take forward the research in an effective way. After discussing the introduction part to the specific topic, the subsequent sections of research philosophy, research approach, theoretical framework or model, research strategy, data collection method, data analysis method, time horizon, ethical consideration and chapter summary have been negotiated through various perspectives to reach the exact goals of the study about the role on the stress of project managers in construction project management in India.
Figure 7: The Research Onion Model. (Saunders research onion)
(Sources: Facebook.com. 2022)
The significance of this current study is striking in this research as it would reflect the researcher’s great suppositions so that these expectations will serve as a base for the research strategy. In this research study, the researcher has selected interpretivism philosophy which will provide a great benefit for this study to move forward subsequently (Zhang et al, 2022). The researcher has been chosen the specific philosophy as it usually assembles cross cultural studies and by obtaining this interpretivism philosophy, the researcher would be benefited as appealing peer review and collaboration with other researchers may assist to enlighten objectivity on stress of project managers in construction project management in India. Generally, the researcher needs to take an interpretivism approach to social science that declares the understanding of beliefs, inspirations, and reasoning of individuals in social circumstances is fundamental to sort out the meaning of the collected data around a specific phenomenon (HR and Aithal, 2022). In this research, the researcher has chosen interpretivism philosophy so that the research of stress on project managers in the construction industry in India, the particular method analyses events in society based on the determined value system of the society or culture (Miceli and Posada, 2022). Basically, the researcher needs philosophical thinking for the study as it strongly explores obvious formulation of applied ideas and specifies problems or troubles, selects the relevant data and objective methods for estimating ideas and proposals. Further, it also emphasizes an improvement of the latest sense for the new directions while operating the specified research. Moreover, in this study, the researcher has tried in the execution of analysis to highlight the exact problem of Indian Project managers in construction and has tried to resolve the entire issue. In this research, the researcher has implied the significance of choosing the interpretivism research philosophy that will help in declining or reducing the extreme stress of project managers in construction in India.
There is a huge significance of selecting a faithful research approach for every research study. In inductive research, the researcher usually starts or begins the research by making observations or accumulating data and thereafter the researcher takes a wide view of data and searches for patterns. After that the researcher can make general conclusions that may be incorporated into theories by the researcher. The researcher has chosen the inductive research approach for moving forward this research study positively. It is clear that utilizing an inductive research approach has various advantages or benefits that would make the research effective and powerful or constructive as this research study will be easily acceptable for others. Moreover, the inductive approach is also known as a flexible strategy that allows researchers to modify the research topics and techniques in order to gather various data for several purposes (Nayak et al, 2022). Apart from these, inductive research assists the researcher to initiate latest ideas and theories, improve in understanding methods and discover probabilities. Also, this present research approach helps in precipitating the observation that would be greatly high-powered in cherishing the impact of stress on project managers in the construction industry. In this current research study, the researcher has declared the specific maintenance process or methods and theory to develop this study by helping the project managers in their stress related major issues while constructing any projects. Further, by taking out the adequate experiences from the data sets the research approach may assist the researcher to illustrate all the findings of the research study. Therefore, having much superiority or power of selecting an approach, it has helped the researcher broadly to research this topic.
In this research study, the researcher has selected a few models or theories that emphasize the recovery of the ultimate problems in the construction industry for the project managers in India.
The study has been revealed to abide by several theories such as transactional theories related to stress, interactional theories and Cooper and Palmer’s stress-related model (Kaila, 2022). The first model of theory is most commonly used in stress related research study. This transactional theory indicates a stress that is the straight product of an arrangement between discrete and their surroundings which may tribute their resources and thereafter pressurize their wellbeing (Cheng et al, 2022). On the other hand, the interactional theory model highlights mainly the interaction of the environmental encouragement and solitary responses as a foundation of tensity. Further, the person-environment suitable theory is the most premature association of theories in work that is also related to psychological suffering of project managers and also advises that work related stress or pressure arises from a deficiency of fit between the individual’s skill, efficiency, resources and faculties and insistence of the work environment. Moreover, another model of work stress improved by Cooper and Marshall fixed out the sources of stress at the workplace and expresses the experiences of accurate symptoms and also shows the affecting results of chronic disease of one’s physical and mental health. Therefore, this research study has a great necessity to make a proper framework or model which convalescent the project managers stress related issues (Nazir and Islam, 2020).
The researcher has been chosen a specific research strategy which would manifest the project of study in a positive manner. The researcher has endeavoured to take a qualitative research strategy for conducting or manipulating the entire research study. To enable a deeper understanding of experiences, and enlighten the insights of human behaviour this specific strategy has been selected by the researcher. Ordinarily, a researcher must adopt a proper research strategy that effectively impacts the specific study. Basically, qualitative research strategy is used promptly to focus on non-numeric data and also analyse theoretical data such as the role of stress on construction project managers in India. Moreover, using qualitative strategy in a research study has numerous advantages and it can capture modifying attitudes within a project manager’s target group. Further, the qualitative research strategy is able to create useful insights for the project study and if any trouble may be created the strategy captured researchers can quickly adapt questions, modify the settings and other variables to develop all responses (Agyekum et al, 2022). Predominantly, the current research study aims to moderate the project managers stress levels for optimal performances as increment of stress level may result in decrease in performances so in that case it is crucial to generate all the factors accurately. The study must prioritize and assign each and every task based on its urgency by never overwhelming project managers with workload.
The collection of data is an essential wedge of any research study as accumulated data usually always helps the researcher to grasp the vital decisions among the related topics of the research study. In this study the researcher has collected primary data through several interviews. The interview places first-hand knowledge and experiences of the project managers and reveals their individual perspectives, difficulties and techniques. Various backgrounds and having the ability of diverse expertise project managers are chosen for the interviews by researchers (Li et al, 2021). For investigating the effectiveness of stress on project manager’s performance and team power, the researcher’s decision is to gather primary data through direct face to face interviews which will be justifiable for a number of reasons. Researchers are aware of information and perception about the experience, viewpoints and duplicating methods of project managers by conversing with them directly. Further, interview questions have been created specifically by researchers to execute stress related issues of project managers, their effects on performances and team dynamics. Therefore, this makes it possible for the researcher to investigate the research issues. By accumulating a diversity of experienced project managers, a total of 15 project managers have been chosen for the interview on which the present study is moving forward. The results by taking out the interviews have appeared to help in boosting acceptability, credibility of the research study.
Data analysis is one of the most crucial parts of any research study due to its effectiveness. Data analysis assists to depict reliable and accurate data in the research that may help to offer a powerful outcome. Data analysis usually identifies themes like patterns in the data that are significant or interesting and utilizes these kinds of themes to address the research or indicates something about topic-related issues. Further, it supports the researcher to clarify the data accurately due to the researcher being able to focus on the in-depth analysis of the research. In this research study, the researcher has chosen to utilize thematic analysis to evaluate the researcher’s data and it also indicates that the researcher’s objective is satisfied. As stressed project managers are more prone to making mistakes or accidents during construction, by following up on thematic analysis will lead to serious safety concerns. Thematic analysis usually assists in evaluating huge text in an easy way that would be much more powerful as well as effective for the research. Moreover, thematic analysis is a method of investigating qualitative data that usually appeals to a set of texts, such as an interview or transcripts. After getting various data from the interviews, all the data has been analysed by the researcher and thereafter the study has reflected the major fundamental factors so that the identified issues may further not be created in the project managers in the construction industry in India (Saha et al, 2022). Moreover, to portray the positive impact on stress of project managers, this research uses a thematic approach in order to get better outcomes.
The researcher has collected data from 15 interviewees which will help to extend this study. The entire recipients have been segmented into three parts which includes 5 interviews in each part. The first 5 examiner’s interviews will start on 1st July 2023 and will end on 10th July 2023. Simultaneously, the second phase of the interview will be continued from 20th July 2023 to 25th July 2023. The remaining last phrases containing 5 examiners will come for the interview from 26th July 2023 to 1st August 2023. Therefore, the entire interview process will take 40 days to accomplish the collection of data. Based on the time horizon, proposed above it can be said that which can be longitudinal one.
Researching stress and its effect on people is known as a serious ethical contemplation. The researchers should protect or look after the major factors of confidentiality and keeping the privacy of participants while researching (Prasad et al, 2019). The data has been collected from various interviewee of project managers who have willingly signed the consent papers and no external managers have been pressured to accumulate data related to the topics. During the time of taking interviews, the researcher did not ask for personal information from the interviewees which may help the researcher on anonymity. Further, all the data that has been gathered from the interviewees will be store on google cloud so that no personal details of any interviewee may be leak out in future.
The goal or aim of the study must be clear and properly explained so that the participants would voluntarily comply with it. Further, the researcher has not been attentive to make any violence regarding this research and has collected data on or after the year 2019. Also, the research has found and utilizes the data based on only the English language. In this study, the researcher has tried to strictly avoid plagiarism and also followed the entire plagiarism regulations in this research. Basically, human-related data has been collected for this study and the researcher has maintained a strict security for the information gathered in this study. In this study the researcher has collected relevant data relating to the specific subject. Moreover, an examination and support system are also needed to deal with any potential anxiety or stress brought on by taking part in the study. Also, the researcher has researched this specific topic without harming any human race directly or indirectly. The factors would be considered to support the preservation of the integrity of the conclusion drawn from the application of the role of stress on project managers in the construction industry in India. Therefore, maintaining ethical consideration would be a great unique reason to comfortably accept this study for the participants (Maqbool et al, 2022).
It is concluded that the study has sufficient importance than the other research. The purpose of the methodology is to create a strategy based on the data collection method that can help to get better results after performing the research on the stress of project managers in construction project management. By selecting a proper research strategy, an appropriate research approach and philosophy based on integrated data will possibly help to generate the entire operation successfully and would be achievable. The primary data-collecting approach has been successfully used by the researcher and based on all the project managers' answers the present study has been coordinated. As stress is not an unavoidable part of a human's life, the research study should be properly infrastructure to provide the right set of circumstances so that the project managers can work with relief while constructing the projects. Construction project management is high-stress work with tight deadlines and a lot of responsibility, and it includes managing multiple projects together which can be stressful for project managers and for these a lot of multi-tasking is required. Meanwhile, the stress on project managers in construction in India is increasing rapidly. Having a high degree of risks and liability in construction project management, stress may automatically come out but this study has expressed the factors how the project manager would get rid from the excessive stress while performing. Therefore, this study explores the relevant factors for research on the specified topic.
Nowadays, stress on project managers is a fundamental topic in construction project management. In this chapter, the entire issue of suffering from the stress of project managers in construction project management has been discussed. Major findings have been found through this study and the negative consequences arising from a project manager's stress have been negotiated. Thus, based on these findings, it has been explored that in making growth and development in construction project management in India, thinking of the project manager's stress management is very important to reduce stress-related trouble for the project managers. The actual purpose of the chapter is to examine all the stress-related problems and how the project managers benefit after enabling cognitive behavioral therapy and other strategies. In this entire chapter, various sections such as findings and analysis, discussions, and chapter summary have been discussed in which all the factors are thoroughly explained.
Based on the study, through all of these negotiations, it has been explicitly found that all the major sources of stress-related issues for Indian project managers and how the stress-related issues may adversely impact construction management in India. Thus, it has also been analysed that with the help of several strategies can be possible to reduce stress-related issues for construction project managers in India.
Interview Participants (15) | What are the major sources of stress among project managers in the Indian construction industry? | How does the construction project management process be affected by stress-related issues for the project managers?
| What are the disadvantages of having stress issues for project managers in managing the workflow of projects in the Indian construction industry? | How does stress among Indian construction project managers adversely impact their overall performance in the projects?
| What strategies should be followed to reduce the stress and depression of project managers in the Indian construction industry?
|
1 | Having strict time schedules for project deliverables and milestones. | The focus on the performance of project management may be interrupted. | Having overstressed at work, project managers may suffer from anxiety. | Overstressed trouble for project managers has adverse impact construction project management. | Stress management develops a set of strategies to reduce stress. |
2 | Manipulating various factors of resource availability may create stress for project managers. | Having too much stress, a project manager may forget any tasks. | With continuous excessive stress, the project manager may feel seek and mentally weak. | Grow in construction project management may be hampered. | The mental strategy that can assist the project manager in reducing stress. |
3 | To maintain the responsibilities of finding various ways to accomplish milestones, they suffer from stress. | For overstressed issues, sometimes project managers may not optimize any tasks properly. | Personal life may be hampered by being overstressed. | It may be a major challenge for the development of Indian construction project management. | Stress management develops a strategy to improve the behavioral factors of project managers. |
4 | For managing schedules with several complexities, stress may automatically arise. | Having stress issues, project managers are usually never motivated to do operation smoothie. | Overstressed issues can lead project managers to low self-esteem. | Having enormous work pressure, Indian project managers may be out of focus. | Emotional strategy helps project managers to decrease operational pressure. |
5 | The results of cost overrun may increase the stress level of project managers. | Overstressed issues and consequently low performance offered by project managers. | Problems regarding depression may arise from extensive pressure. | The actual goals of the construction project management may be interrupted. | Mental strategy significantly impacts project managers positively in reducing stress. |
6 | One of the major sources of stress among project managers is poor communication. | Project managers become unable to share their actual proficiency in construction project management. | Health issues are likely possible for taking huge stress at work. | Stress-related issues may affect very badly on the performance of project managers in India. | Stressed project managers can be benevolent by utilizing the strategy of behavioral. |
7 | Threat and unwanted conflict is the reason of being overstressed. | Project managers may not serve their performing activities in accurate time. | Having much pressure at work, project managers personally may suffer from anxiety. | Project managers cannot focus on one objective for having huge pressure. | Reduction of project manager’s stress can be possible by following strategies for stress management. |
8 | Having managing issues such as manpower, and resource availability may create higher stress for project managers. | Negative effects of mental health conditions may turn the tasks adversely in construction project management. | Project manager health issues may arise for overstressed. | There is very little surety for the success of construction project management having stress. | Emotional stress management strategy assists project managers in getting rid of depression. |
9 | Overrun of costs or expenses is the main source of stress. | Planning for initial tasks may be inaccurate. | Project managers may feel worthless or emotionally burned for having continuous stress. | The performance of a project manager may be complicated. | To reduce the mental stress of huge work pressure, so the usage of mental strategy truly useful. |
10 | Higher complexities in operation are the cause of depression. | Causes for lack of motivation, performance may be disturbed. | Taking different kinds of huge stress, the eventual factor may be depression. | Feeling stressed, a project manager’s negative impact can affect the management process. | Emotional stress management strategy helps managers from various perspectives. |
11 | Lack of communication creates higher pressure among project managers. | The coordination process in management may not be precise. | Causes of overstress, Project managers may be physically feeble. | Tremendous challenges may be encountered in construction projects management. | To reduce stress-related issues behavioral strategies must be followed. |
12 | Conflicts regarding demand by the project workers may cause high stress or pressure. | Performance improvement may not be attainable. | Having various stressful situations, obesity, and weight gain issues may arise day by day for the project managers. | Growth causes not possible for the construction of stress problems there. | Stress management provides a strategy that involves reducing the mental stress of managers. |
13 | In managing the overflow of revenue may cause stress-related issues. | Overstress may manipulate the entire performance in another way. | Anxiety is one of the ultimate outcomes of getting immense stress. | Project managers eventually be unable to control the overall management process. | Stress management helps by providing a set of developed strategies to reduce stress. |
14 | Conflict among stakeholders becomes the cause of stress. | For overstressed issues, project managers may be impotent to place performance within time. | Stress-related issues may harm the careers of project managers in India. | Indian construction project managers may be distracted in their performance. | The emotional strategy involves reducing depression for the managers. |
15 | Maintaining strict deadlines may cause overstressed for the project manager. | Lack of consistency in managing performance, development is shorter feasible. | The project manager’s personal life may be disturbed by getting overstressed. | Development or growth for the construction project management may be disrupted for stressed issues. | Behavioural strategy strongly helps project managers reduce stress and depression. |
Main Theme | Sub Theme | Description |
Impact of stress on project managers in handling projects | Poor decision making at a crucial time | From the main theme of the impact of stress on project managers in handling projects it has been found that decisions regarding issues may arrive, inappropriate management process and mistakes may be increased due to overstress on project managers in Indian construction project management. Thus, when proper decision-making becomes fundamental in crucial times, project managers may not arrive at a proper decision in manipulating the process of operations. Being overstressed, inappropriate management processes become the common issues in this construction project (Taher and Elbeltagi, 2023). Besides, project managers may mislead as well as make mistakes or disputes while managing project operations. |
Inappropriate management processes | ||
Enhancing disputes in project operations | ||
Sources of stress of project managers in Indian construction project management | Having strict time schedule | From the main theme of major sources of stress for Indian construction project managers, it has been found that various sources such as strict time schedule for performances, overrun of costs or expenses and conflicts among stakeholders are the significant origin from where project managers get stressed. Thus, maintaining strict deadlines for finding ways to complete milestones within the preferred time limit may enhance the stress-related issues for of project managers (Hassan et al, 2020). Further, to decrease the cost overrun project managers in construction project management in India are usually overstressed. Besides, making conflicts with demands by the project workers or stakeholders causes psychological stress for project managers. |
Causes an overrun of costs | ||
Conflicting among stakeholders or workers for demanding needs | ||
Effects of stress on project manager’s performance | Lack of control over the project process leading to losses | From the main theme of effects of stress on the project, manager’s performance it has been found that major negative outcomes may arrive such as bearing losses for overstressed issues and negatively impacted in managing resources by the project managers in construction project management in India. Further, as project managers suffer from huge stress, deficiency in control or manipulating processes can lead to the construction project management process losses (Genc, 2023). Besides, having overstressed project managers may impact growing concerns in managing resources so higher complexities in the construction project management may lead to overrun costs. |
Growing concerns in managing resources | ||
Approaches for minimizing stress level of Indian construction project management | Enabling mental stress management strategy | From the main theme of approaches for minimizing stress level of Indian construction projects management, it has been found that strategies such as mental strategy, and behavioural strategy should majorly be followed by the project managers to reduce their stress level. Based on this topic it has been found that after utilizing stress management tools on a regular basis, it may be easier for the project managers to optimize well-being. Moreover, using a mental stress management strategy has been found as helpful to project managers reduce mental stress and pressure so that it may result in providing better results in construction project management (Nwokolo et al, 2023). Thereafter, behavioural strategy improves the focus on how workers' or stakeholders' thoughts affect their emotions and behaviour and attempts to help in changing behavior. |
Embracing behavioural Strategy |
Theme 1: Impact of stress on project managers in handling projects
From these findings, it has been found that stress on project managers greatly impacts Indian construction project management. This impact has been expected to be negative for both construction projects and also its project manager may be affected by these kinds of overstress. Due to being overstressed, the Project Manager cannot come to the actual point of a decision according to the situation so the decision-making process may be hampered just because of stress-related problems (Tzenioset al, 2022). Apart from this, based on these findings it has been also found that appropriation in the management process may be gained just because of overstress issues. When project managers generally suffer from huge psychological stress, they are usually unable to manage the project management process and they can lose their focus on the tasks and offer low performance in all the operations in which they are actually involved. Besides, based on this main theme it has been found that causes of overstress and depression for project managers, they can make mistakes or disputes in their project operations. When project managers suffer from overstress issues in Indian construction project management, it is impossible to deliver accomplished operations in the allocated time. Therefore, it is explicit that causes of project manager's stress, disputes, and delays are some of the other issues in construction project operation. Based on this main theme it has been explained that stress on project managers in Indian construction project management influences the entire project operation adversely for which growth or sustainability of the project may be disrupted in the future (Taher and Elbeltagi, 2023).
Theme 2:Sources of Stress of Project Managers in Indian Construction Project Management
From the findings, it has been specifically found that project managers in Indian construction project management are incredibly stressed and for this, there are various sources included in the entire operation. Project managers are compelled to maintain strict time schedules for the project deliverables and milestones (Dhyani et al, 2023). Besides, the project manager usually has been faced with enormous issues in manipulating schedules due to several difficulties in projects such as resource availability, manpower, etc. As a result, for all of these reasons, project managers may get overstressed while managing operations. Based on this main theme it has also been found that another way of creating higher stress for the project manager is cost overrun issues. The eventual consequences of cost overrun are lower return on investment, and bankruptcy that may highly adversely impact construction project management so taking all kinds of pressure, project managers automatically get overstressed to resolve the entire issues. Based on the same theme, the other findings may highly impact on stress of project managers (Yener et al, 2021). Conflicting with demands by the project workers or stakeholders puts huge pressurized on the project managers and often it has been seen that changing demands by the stakeholders throughout the course of the projects leads to excessive attempts of the project managers to plan and strategize and this is the causes of making stress for them. Apart from these, sometimes threats and undesirable conflicts with employees with massive demands impact adversely or make project managers stressed.
Theme 3: Effects of Stress on Project Manager’s Performance
Based on these findings it has been found that the impact on stress of project managers negatively affected the construction project management operations. With different kinds of tension regarding work-related issues, it has often been seen that project managers cannot lead or control the entire process perfectly as much as needed as per the particular situations so the Indian construction project management may suffer wide losses. As the entire managing process is interrupted by the causes of overstressed in project managers, it may directly impact work productivity, creativity, company culture as well as an organization’s ability to meet the actual business goals (Samanta and Gochhayat, 2023). Further, higher stress or pressure makes employees more prone to make errors, poor work performance may be entered, and conflict inside the workplace may be increased there. Besides, from the finding of the same main theme it has been explicitly found that growing concern is one of the fundamental effects of stress management. The growth or extension of construction project management has been repeatedly interrupted by stress on project managers as they often fail to represent their project deliverables within the strict time schedules and milestones (Chan, 2023.). Due to having several complexities in the project such as resource accessibility, manpower, etc. project may be adversely impacted over a certain period of time. Thus, growing concerns about managing resources affect performance for stress on project managers.
Theme 4: Approaches for minimizing stress level of Indian construction project management
From the particular findings it has originated that there are several significant strategies present in stress management that generally involve reducing stress for the project managers in Construction project management. These strategies are mental strategy, behavioural strategy, and emotional strategy. Every stress management strategy has individual relevant significance in decreasing the overall pressure and stress for project managers. Project manager usually suffers from various health issues such as anxiety or depression, overweight obesity, due to this overstress in Indian Construction Project Management. Therefore, for the reduction of all these kinds of problems, some stress management strategies must be followed by project managers, and after using these strategies they may feel better in performance (Fitriani and Ajayi, 2023). Utilizing mental strategy, the project manager may feel free or get rid of aspects of mental stress as a result it has enabled them to track progress toward goals. Thus, after enabling mental strategy to the project managers, the progress of operation directly impacts the organizational success being tracking key performance indicators. Besides, the behavioural strategy helps to show open and honest concerns and involves understanding the feelings and emotions of the project managers in Indian project management operations and this understanding has helped them to predict the future behaviour of the team members to plan appropriately. Literally, using this behavioural strategy makes the project managers' behaviour genuine and honest so that it has further directly assisted in leadership, negotiation, communication, team building, problem-solving, flexibility, and deputation (Nwokolo et al, 2023).
Based on the main theme of the impact of stress on project managers in handling the project, three subthemes have been found to negotiate how stress issues generally impact project management. If project managers are unable to make a relevant decision at a crucial time in which every operational process needs to be manipulated, it can lead to a greater loss for the project management. Basically, decision-making is a vital process in which massive activities are keenly dependable (Taher and Elbeltagi, 2023). Due to overstressed poor decision-making becomes a common factor which may lead the construction project negatively. Also, it may cause of bad reputation, cost overruns, project schedule delays, demotivated teams, and also risks to the sustainability of the project. Besides, overstressed project managers may lead to an inappropriate management process for which the entire Indian construction project management has been destroyed day by day. Predominantly, appropriate managing processes lead a construction project in a positive way to which popularity greatly relates. Overstressed project managers have felt unusual to manipulate the management process and as a result, business relationships may be destroyed, escalation in project delays, criticism among workers may arise, and difficulties may arise in winning new business in future projects (Natarajan, 2022). Besides, having psychologically stressed project managers may create a major mistake while managing the project operation, which can harm any project adversely. From these findings, it has been found that due to having tremendous pressure from different kinds of aspects work-related, project managers may make any mistake while managing so for this misconception entire functioning can be distracted subsequently.
From the main theme of sources of stress on project managers in Indian construction project management, three sub-themes have been discussed on which construction project’s improvement have greatly interconnected. There are strict complexities in projects and project managers have to follow specific deadlines and finish their responsibilities within the time schedules of the project deliverables and milestones (Dhyani et al, 2023). Allocated time schedules allowed for representing the deliverables and milestones and for these causes project managers take higher pressure to find ways to accomplish milestones within due time, At the same time they promptly have to face immense challenges or limitations for which project managers suffer from being overstressed while managing the construction project. Further, overrun of the cost may create stress for project managers as over costs lead to the construction of project management in higher losses. Initially, project managers get stressed as an overrun of costs affects obstacles to making profitability for the organization and also interrupts the financial viability. To manage the entire disturbed situation project managers become overstressed (Helo et al, 2020). Besides, from these findings, based on the same theme, it has been found that managing plans as per constantly changing demands conflicting by the stakeholders throughout the course of the project may increase their stress and this addresses the first interview question. Basically, when misleading or misunderstanding becomes a major variable inside the workplace, conflict among workers becomes the ultimate outcome. Besides due to poor communication criticism may enter the workplace, and surrounding all these purposes project managers in Indian construction project management get overstressed and become depressed.
From the main theme of the effects of stress on a project manager’s performance, two sub-themes have been found. Suffering from overstress, a sufficient lack of controlling processes by the project managers in construction project management processes has arisen for which the entire Indian construction project may lead to major losses and development may automatically be interrupted. Actually, from these findings, it has been originated that being overstressed or higher-pressure project managers may manipulate the entire management operations poorly so this lack of controlling processes in the organization may lead to wide losses. Due to misleading processes, various issues such as delays, quality issues, client relations breakdown, and loss of trust by employees and clients may be enabled (Sibomana, 2023). Apart from this, deficiency of strategic control or manipulation in operation may result in poor planning, poor execution of the plan, uncontrollable variables, poor communication, cultural resistance to modification, etc. Besides, growing concerns in managing resources have been found from these findings where causes of psychological stress, project managers unable to manage the entire internal operational resources availability, manpower resources, etc. and it has addressed the second interview question. Project managers generally need to find out several ways to complete milestones within due time despite having various complexities and at this time project managers have to face immense issues or challenges that enlighten stress in project managers so this prompt concerns that have an impact on the Indian construction project management adversely or opponent (Chan, 2023).
From the main theme, of approaches or specific strategies followed by project managers in minimizing stress level of Indian construction project management, two subthemes have been found where stress management strategy has been discussed for which stress regarding issues of project managers may be reduced or resolved. Apart from this another stress management strategy of emotional strategy greatly benefits the project managers in Indian construction project management. Enabling a mental stress management strategy possibly reduces the mental stress of the project managers in Indian project management so that project managers can smoothly operate the entire operation in the construction project management as well as make proper decisions as per specific circumstances (Hoque et al, 2023). Further, the researcher has portrayed a transactional model or theory to decrease the level of stress for project managers.
Source: (toolshero.com, 2022)
Basically, staying mentally healthy or free is a fundamental requirement for project managers who operate the entire management process. A Stress-free situation is found as effective in making appropriate decisions and projecting significant solutions. Besides, the behavioural strategy may decrease overstressed issues of changing behaviour and thought patterns for the project managers so that proper decision-making, planning, and coordination truly assist in developing organizational growth and popularity and this topic has addressed the last interview question. Moreover, a stress management strategy assists the project manager in optimizing well-being. For overstressed project managers, utilizing the behavioural strategy involved in providing better results subsequently by avoiding unexpected failure, and besides with the help of this strategy stressful situations can be steered (Ahmad et al, 2023). Despite these strategies, emotional strategy is one of the stress management strategies that decreases higher pressure and stress for project managers, and also using this strategy improvement of communication skills, enhancement of social skills, and creation of a positive environment can be feasible. Also, it helps employees conquer their fears, and doubts regarding many phases and make sure about their insecurities.
Figure 9: Importance of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
Source: (byjus.com, 2019)
The cognitive behavioural therapy helps project managers to control of overall thoughts, identifications, recognitions, and management and escalates emotions during conflicts. Also, by enabling these, Indian construction project managers can able to achieve conflict resolution. Thus, based on the findings, it has been analyzed that as cognitive behavioral therapy can help to make strong thoughts, feelings, and labor for project managers, it will definitely positive impact on project management in India.
This chapter of the study discussed the major findings of the study and at the same time thoroughly discussed those findings and how they address the goal of the study. The chapter portrayed the responses of the participants and further themes were extracted which helped in achieving the results. The researcher found four major themes in the study and along with that highlighted a few sub-themes under each of the main themes which are generally the major factors affecting and impacting the main theme. A thorough explanation of each theme has been provided which helped to analyze the major factor leading to stress among project managers of the Indian construction industry. Thus, based on the entire study, it has been found that the eventual objectives of the study are to decrease the stress level of project managers after examining the connection between project managers' overall performance in managing projects. Moreover, further goals of the specific study are to follow a few strategies that can reduce the negative impacts of stress on project managers in construction management in India and improve team performance.
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations
In this chapter, all the factors of how the researcher endeavoured to meet the specific goals of resolving stress-related issues for project managers in Indian construction project management have been discussed through various perspectives. Through individual aspects, the complete perception related to the topic has been addressed where the implications of the particular research, and literature implications have suggestively conveyed. Thus, the purpose of the specific study is to examine the realization of research aim and objectives and the effect of imposing practice implications, policy and theory implications on construction project management. Also, this chapter has portrayed several problems such as time management, limitations of budget, etc. Through the sections of realization of research aim and objectives, conclusion, research implications, problems, and recommendations, all the factors have been interpreted precisely.
5.2.1 Realization of Research Aim
The research aims to examine the barriers to stress management among project managers in Indian construction project management. The particular aim of the research has been addressed by the researcher through this study. From the findings part of the study, the researcher has found various perspectives relating to the study and to meet this goal it has been recommended by the researcher that stress management strategy utilization can be more useful and effective in reducing the stress regarding issues and besides help for development of the Indian construction project. Moreover, the researcher has tried to identify the effective objectives of the study.
5.2.2 Realization of Research Objectives
The objectives of the study are to explore the interconnection between the performance of the project managers and their stress levels and to find out all the sources of making project managers overstressed. Further, the objective of the study has been to examine how stress on project managers has adversely impacted Indian project management for which cost overrun, conflict among stakeholders, low return on investment, and growth of Indian construction projects may be disrupted. Therefore, another objective of the study on which the researcher has recommended some of the strategies such as mental, behavioural, and emotional strategies that greatly help project managers manipulate the overall management process and provide better performance giving by them.
From the entire study and the individual chapters, it is concluded that stress on project managers in Indian construction project management is truly relevant nowadays. It is a hot topic in Indian construction project management for which different kinds of obstacles have been entered into the entire management process. In the first chapter of the introduction, most of the vital and important segments have been discussed thoroughly. The aim and objectives have been identified through the introduction chapter. Apart from these, the expected research problem that may be revealed, explained in this chapter, and the importance of relevance to a wider population of this topic have been evaluated extensively. In the second chapter, a thorough review of the literature has been done, on various factors and ideas related to the research topic. The project management process, stress management, and the effectiveness of all perspectives have been clarified by the researcher. Literally, how the project managers manipulate the entire Indian construction project management despite various stresses or higher pressures have been discussed in the specific segments. Apart from these, the adverse effect of the management process of having overstressed for the project managers has been explained.
The major factors causing stress in project managers of the Indian construction industry include cost overruns, conflicting employees or stakeholders, lower profitability, and risks of sustainability, etc. Based on this study, the researcher has identified some of the several stress management strategies such as emotional strategy, behavioural, and mental strategies that can help project managers reduce their stress levels and make them feel relief. Besides, the researcher is also aware of the project manager's personal health so aspects of their personal lives have been decided to follow the appropriate strategies and the researcher has expected that after using this strategy the issues of both construction management and project managers possibly decrease. Moreover, all the factors of accumulating data and the analysis have been negotiated in the third chapter of the research methodology where the researcher has chosen interpretivism philosophy to positively move forward for this study subsequently. Further, for this study, the researcher has selected an inductive research approach to accelerate the study flexibly. Besides, the researcher has recommended abiding by a few theories such as transactional theories related to stress, interaction theories, and Cooper and Palmer’s stress model. The researcher has adopted a qualitative research strategy and for this study, the researcher has collected data through several interviews where 15 experienced project managers were chosen to gather credible data. Also, it has been selected a thematic data analysis method by the researcher to research this study.
Apart from these, the time horizon part and the most important elements of ethical consideration have been interpreted where the specific strict rules and regulations have been maintained rigorously. Based on the findings and analysis or after collecting the data through interviews it has been found that the impact of stress on project managers may accelerate to inaccurate decision-making, inappropriate management, and disputes in the management process. Secondly, the sources of stress for project managers are conflicts among stakeholders, cost overruns, having strict time schedules, etc. Thirdly, it has been found that the effects of stress on a project manager’s performance include growing concerns about resources and lack of control resulting in major losses. Lastly, the researcher has found some specific approaches such as mental strategy and behavioral strategy to reduce the higher pressure and stress for project managers in the Indian construction industry.
Based on the literature the researcher has found various reasons behind there in making stress on project managers in Indian construction project management. It has been analysed that cost overrun, conflict among stakeholders regarding their constantly changing demands, and strict time schedules for representing deliverables and milestones have caused project managers overstressed for which Indian project managers have suffered from several problems such as anxiety, depression, and also mental stress. Simultaneously, it has also been analysed that due to their stress, the operation of Indian construction project management has been disturbed. Moreover, the researcher has explored that using cognitive behavioural stress management may reduce the stress of Indian project managers and it may help to the growth of the construction project in India.
After analysing the entire project, the researcher has portrayed the guidelines of PMBOK on Indian construction project management. In this study, it has been found that the existence of various policies may directly affect the growth of the Indian construction project management process. To manage the stress on project managers, maintaining a normal routine and connection with others socially is the fundamental policy. Besides, engaging in self-relaxation and taking breaks as needed is one of the other policies that may help to manage overstress. Apart from these, it also has been found that making a list of goals and objectives that are most urgent may help them to reflect on the ultimate focus for Indian construction project managers.
From the research study, it has been explored that the current situation of stress management in Indian construction project management is very critical as causes of stress for project managers have increased day by day for which growth and sustainability of the Indian construction project have been disrupted gradually. The researcher has found that nowadays, project managers have failed to cope with the demands of their jobs and have no ability to control the way in which they do their work. Also, having trouble with relationships at work, and misunderstanding their role and responsibilities become the causes of creating overstressed for project managers. To reduce stress-related issues the researcher has portrayed some of the stress management strategies such as emotional, behavioral, and mental strategy that helps in getting better results for Indian construction project management.
Based on the research study, the researcher has portrayed several theories or models that emphasize to recovery of the ultimate problems in Indian construction project management. Thus, it has been examined that transactional theories, interactional theories, and Cooper and Palmer’s stress model have been followed in this study where transactional theory relates to the stress for the project managers. The interactional theory reflects the interaction of the environmental encouragement and further Cooper and Palmer’s model implies fixing out the sources of stress at the workplace.
5.5.1 Time management
From these findings, the researcher has found that a strict deadline is maintained in Indian construction project management so project managers are compelled to maintain the particular time schedule of the project deliverables and milestones. As a result, project managers suffer from being overstressed rigorously.
5.5.2 Budget limitations or cost overrun
From these findings the researcher has explored that limitation of budget or overrun of cost become the major issues for the present study of stress on project managers in Indian construction project management. The eventual consequences of cost overrun such as bankruptcy, lower profitability, and lower return on investment may be harmful to the growth of Indian construction projects.
5.6.1 ERP technology in resource management
Based on the findings the researcher has recommended that managing the entire resource management issues in Indian construction project management, ERP technology needs to be utilized so that the problem regarding resource management may be resolved inside the workplace (De Silva and L.D.2023).
5.6.2 AI-based robot in time management
From the research study, the researcher has recommended that in maintaining time management issues inside the workplace of Indian construction project management, artificial intelligence-based robots should be utilized promptly so that accuracy in the time management process may be sustained (Korke et al, 2023).
5.6.3 Remote Tracking for Productivity Management
From the findings the researcher has recommended that remote tracking and digital tools must be used in Indian construction project management to manipulate productivity issues. Therefore, it may be possible to monitor the construction site and the entire activities to identify gaps to fix them.
5.6.4 Stress management strategy for project managers
Based on this study, the researcher has recommended that various strategies such as behavioral strategy, emotional, and mental strategies should be utilized strictly by project managers to reduce their stress-related issues which directly assist in the growth of Indian construction project management.
This reflection has been performed and negotiated about the complete perspectives and feelings of the entire dissertation chapter. Gibbs's reflective cycle has been followed to portray the particular reflection portfolio. The purpose of the reflection is to explore the researcher’s feelings and evaluations after describing the topic thoroughly. In this chapter, various aspects of the dissertation will be analyzed including description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, and action plan. The study concentrated on the role of stress on project managers in the construction industry in India. Therefore, a wide importance exists in preparing the reflection to jot down all the knowledge and learning about the matters after performing the study.
Figure 10: Gibb’s Reflective Cycle
(Source: Nursinganswers, 2023)
Description
I have chosen this particular topic specifically as nowadays, stress-related issues of project managers become a major trouble for Indian construction project management and it is a vital theme compared to the other research studies. Based on the topic, in the introduction chapter, I have examined the research problem of how the difficulties and effects of stress on project managers usually adversely impact Indian construction project management. Also, it has agreed on the research aims, and objectives that have been included in it. In the literature review, major perspectives on project management, and stress management aspects have been explained besides describing the objectives of the performance of project managers in Construction project management in India (Toljaga-Nikolić et al, 2020). I have stated from the research methodology that the appealing research approach, philosophy, framework, and data collection. Based on data collection the entire decisions have been made up. Besides, I have perceived that through findings and analysis, the actual topic-related findings such as the source of stress level and the negative impact of it have been interpreted. In the conclusion and recommendation chapter, I have recommended improving the Indian construction project management has been suggested through a few sections.
Feelings
I felt excited while preparing the entire project on this specific topic. When the discussion of identifying the source of stress levels among project managers, the feelings were excited as based on these findings of sources the entire step of resolving this problem has been analyzed. While executing the impact on Indian construction project management with the stressed manager, as a researcher I felt depressed. Further, I felt that the over-stress level of project managers always impacts their health negatively. As a result, depression, and anxiety may arise in their personal life. Moreover, in the time examining all the stress management strategies I felt it really interesting that the reduction of stress levels can be possible and further this impact on construction project management positively and effectively in the future. Moreover, a qualitative research strategy has been selected to enlighten the insights into human behavior and modifying attitudes with a manager’s target group (O’Kane et al, 2021). Thus I felt interested while accelerating with it. Furthermore, I felt excited to collect primary data, several primary interviews were conducted for which first-hand knowledge and experienced interviewees were selected to gather accurate knowledge and experience about this topic. While executing all the impacts of stress on project managers handling their construction projects, I felt depressed. However, in exploring the entire project-related objectives, allowing schemes, and gaining knowledge for preparing this project I really felt impressed.
Evaluation
Through this reflective portfolio, I have successfully found some major strengths and flaws of the study which made the analysis much more comprehensive. I have successfully evaluated major stress factors of project managers in the Indian construction industry such as strict deadlines and work pressure, budget-related issues, poor work performances, and conflict among employees, etc. Besides this, it has also found out the sources of each issue causing stress among project managers in Indian construction project management (Bottiani et al, 2019). Thus, because of such in-depth analysis, I can portray these factors as success drivers of my study which helped to find significant results. After analyzing the issue, as a researcher I have identified various strategies such as cognitive behavioral therapy which majorly helps such as deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and mindfulness to the project managers to reduce their stress levels keenly. Besides, I have identified that enabling several theories of Neutral cognition theory, the P-E Fit Theory involves managing the stress of project managers of construction projects can be possible. As a researcher, in this study, I have successfully identified all the resources that may create stress-related issues and have recognized utilizing all the specific strategies to reduce stress. This is actually a strength of this particular research study. Further, as a recommendation, I have suggested that by engaging ERP technology, AI-based robots, and remote tracking better results will be provided in resource management, time management, and also productivity management. I can also address these analyses of the theories as major strengths of my study. As a researcher, I have failed to focus on gathering extensive data from experienced project managers. If I could have managed time efficiently, I may have been able to interview more project managers which must have helped me to widen my analysis. Thus, it is the limitation of the specific study. Besides this, it also limited the sample size of the study also limited. Apart from this, I think my study was limited to professional issues and the well-being of the project managers working in the Indian construction industry. The factors such as the work-life balance of the project managers and, the impact of stress on physical health have not been analyzed extensively which is another major drawback of the study.
Analysis
As a researcher, I have analyzed that the prominent success of the specific study is the ability to successfully examine the stress and its sources for the project managers in Indian project management with strict deadlines and pressure. It has helped to identify the major factors causing stress in project managers of the Indian construction industry. Adversely, this study has few weaknesses or limitations being not focused on the work-life balance of project management. Further, the physical concerns of the project managers that have not been neglected strongly have lowered the benefits of the study and have cornered the study majorly. I recognized that all these causes are major obstacles to making growth or sustainability for Indian construction project management directly. Apart from these, the specific models or schemes that have been followed by the project managers will help to fight against the serious stages of project management (Kakwani et al., 2020). Moreover, I have felt that utilizing the transactional theory, interactional theory and Cooper and Palmers model has highly assisted project managers to control overstress thus performance and productivity may be sustained accordingly. It has assisted me in focusing deeply on the solutions to the stress of project managers in the Indian construction industry.ontrolling Additionally, I have realized that maintaining ethical considerations has made it robust for the research study. I have personally felt that maintaining project schedules, budgets, and workflow effectively and fulfilling the goals of projects significantly, having immense pressure and hectic for the project managers resulting in enriching stress among project managers. As a result, this pressure and complexities may disrupt the development of Indian construction project management.
Conclusion
From the entire research study, I have learned more factors regarding the role of stress on project managers in Indian construction project management. Based on the research I have seen that nowadays; stress management is a hot topic compared to any other project stress-related issues in Indian construction project management. From the research study, I have accessed and learned about a few models and strategies that help reduce project managers’ stress. I have also grown my knowledge of the measures of deploying these strategies in the Indian construction industry. Besides this, as an aspiring future project manager, I have learned how modern technologies can help control and reduce the stress of construction project managers starting from project planning to ist monitoring. Further, I have realized that properly engaging the research approach, design, and methods is highly necessary for making this research transparent and effective. Besides, I have explored that as the construction industry takes a wide place in India’s economy, the reduction of stress must be a top priority to improve the overall construction industry. Further, I have also realized that creating a proper work schedule is helpful for time management in research works as well as construction projects.
Action Plan
Various perspectives regarding this specific study have been evaluated in the present research study. I have perceived that if a further research study on the same topic is formulated in the future, then several factors will be emphasized prominently. From the present research of the study, I have experienced that accurate data collection can help the researcher broadly to make any decisions regarding the topic. Therefore, if I get any further opportunities to conduct research, I shall manage time, based on the data collection method to develop the size of data for the study. I would provide a longer time span for taking interviews to collect strong data which will help in data analysis. Moreover, work must be continued on different factors related to project managers and project management which must focus on solving different prevailing issues related to project management (Thesing et al., 2021). I shall also look to gain significant knowledge about different concepts and principles of project management.
In this chapter, enormous aspects have been explored precisely by using Gibb’s reflective model. The entire reflection portfolio has been discussed specifically how much effective is the study relating to the topic and the implications of particular strategies that are involved in reducing stress for the project managers. The study has implied that although the present study is sufficiently effective, opponent in the absence of some criteria the research study is not completely exhaustive.
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