Analyzing different aspects of High-speed 2 (HS2) railway project
The study talks about the high-speed 2 (HS2) railway project, which is a line of fast trains.A route between London and Birmingham will be made possible by the High Speed 2 (HS2) high-speed train. The United Kingdom's transportation agency oversaw this major project. The project that required building a significant transportation infrastructure in the 1950s included the motorway construction (tfl.gov.uk., 2023). The train route was constructed with a "Y" shape to increase travel times between the UK's major population centers while increasing the capacity controlled by the country's existing rail networks (hs2.org.uk., 2023). The nation-wide high-speed rail route that is being proposed has 25 stops, which would enable local inhabitants to travel reliably and quickly. The initial estimate for the cost to finish the entire network was £32.7 billion, but it quickly rose to $50 billion in 2013, $55.7 billion in 2015, and ongoing budget analyses point to a final cost of between £70 and $80 billion (Hirst and Pickett., 2022). There are several risks involved in carrying out the project that might harm it. Using PESTLE analysis, the report examines the project's external and internal analyses, providing a SWOT analysis of the project. The stakeholders involved in the project are also examined by the research. Additionally, it presents a risk monitoring technique that might aid in risk avoidance for the project. The project's last part includes some assumptions and suggestions that are based on the project.
Risk identification | Risk qualification | Risk quantification | ||||
Impact | Likelihood | Frequency | Risk analysis and communication | Potential loss | Mitigating strategies | |
Over budget | High | Medium | Low | After getting the approval the budget of the project became higher. The budget of the project became higher because of wrong computation of the project costs (Brock and Goodey, 2022). They did not create surveys in this matter, mainly they have ignored the purpose that creates various problems such as complex land conditions. | The over budget leads to delays of the project as well as the delays can turn into the anger of the public and pressure on the government for rethinking about the project. | ● For solving the matter they have developed a team who will properly calculate the budgets as well as create a proper market research for the project. ● They also can deploy IT programs for the project that can help them to evaluate the budget properly such as IT g.budgeting |
Environmental Risks | Low | High | Low | There are also various environmental risks present that can affect the project. It uses huge land resources, harming huge quantities of wildlife sites.The energy consumption of the train also can create risks for the environment. As well as it committed to produce lower emissions that can not be met by the project. It also can damage the creatures and that can lead to different types of natural disaster that can affect the project's timeline. It also affects biodiversity by damaging 50 ancient woodlands. | The environmental risks can affect the budget of the project as well as it can drive the project to failure. | ● The project can mitigate the environmental problems by creating a green corridor with many trees and shrubs in a big area. ● The project manager has to create agriculture policies and transportation policies that can address the problems. |
Poor management | High | High | Medium | The poor management is trying to drive the project to failure by affecting the timeline and the budget. Poor management results in an over budget of the project. The estimated cost can be disrupted by involving poor management. The fund could be used in an improper way or could be wasted. | The completion of the project can be hampered by the poor management. The poor management can affect the operational efficiency due to overstretching of the resources. | ● The project manager can implement technological tool for producing improved decisions. ● They can also implement an effective leadership style that can improve the management process for achieving success. |
Protests | Medium | High | Low | The project leads to different types of issues for the public as well as political parties that can lead protests (Tetlow and Shearer, 2021). Public could be angry about the damage to their house as well as environmental damage. They can protest because of these reasons. | Protests can have an impact on the project's reputation, money, and timeline. Additionally, it could affect the project's security.
| ● The project manager is responsible for keeping an eye on protestor activity and any security risks. It may be useful to respond to or lessen demonstrations. ● The project manager can train the staff how to communicate effectively on the project. ● They are able to put in place teams and incident management procedures that can deal with the protester scenario. ● When appropriate processes are being thought upon, they must offer possibilities for legal action. |
Political events | Medium | HIgh | High | Unexpected external and political developments may have an impact on the HS2 project's current and future scope. The incidents may render it harder to accomplish the project's goals. The project is fraught with a number of political hazards. There are several political groups in the nation, and they are all attempting to invest in the project with diverse strategies and objectives (Glaister, 2021). This might have an impact on the project's budget and lead to issues including slow economic growth, a lack of finance, and a shortage of qualified workers.
| Politics may have an impact on the project's budget. The elements will result in an increase in the budget. The project's completion may be impacted. Political developments might also have an impact on the project's current and future scope.
| ● In order to support all political and environmental events, they must follow certain policies in their project. ● By taking new and possible hazards into consideration, the policies can benefit the project. ● UlThey must develop political strategies for their workplace and projects that can succeed and benefit the project by avoiding fines. |
Accidents and injuries | Low | Medium | Low | The size of the project is very big for that reason there could be various accidents and injuries happen (Patil, 2023). | The probability of a catastrophic event can affect the project's schedule and perhaps cause it to fail. | ● They must assemble a team that will concentrate on the issue. The team will also educate other individuals about the issues and require them to receive training for how they should behave after an accident. For their workers who could sustain injuries during construction, they have developed health insurance plans. They must be aware of certain resources for the environmental calamity that can prevent it. |
Table 1: Risk register
(Source: Self-created)
Risks | Over budget | Environmental Risks | Poor management | Protests | Political events | Accidents and injuries |
Managing strategies | The over budget can be eliminated by deploying IT budgeting. The IT program can help the project to calculate the budget. | The environmental risks can be reduced by creating a green corridor with trees or shrubs in a huge place. | Poor management generates improper decisions. By employing AI technology the manager can take data-driven decisions that can help to improve the management process. | They have to adhere to some legal laws and regulations and have to offer proper justification and information. | The proper documentation of the project operation can lead to lower impact of political risks. | They have to develop a team for the response of every disaster that can reduce the accidents and injuries. |
Table 2: Risks and their managing strategies
(Source: Self-created)
Political factors
According to the political aspects, there is now political unrest in the UK, which is bad for the project. Therefore, for the government, the project's extent is unknowable. The project involves representatives from many political parties. Politics may be unpredictable for the project. Project support is lacking due to the political climate (Amarakoon and Afazov, 2022). Brexit may also have an impact on the project deliverables since different parties' differing perspectives on the projects may cause a loss of confidence inside the project. Effective assistance from labor parties to complete the project.
Economic factors
By utilizing the "Y-network," the project may significantly boost the economy's transportation benefits. By generating a sizable number of construction employment, it can have an impact on the national economy. Those who work without construction might also get other occupations from it. After the railway is finished, the UK's productivity and GDP are expected to rise. The budget for the project increased as a result of receiving UK government permission. By creating jobs in both the construction and other departments, the project can have a favorable effect on the economy of the nation. That will affect both the GDP and the nation's productivity. The GDP will rise by 70%, as will productivity.
Social factors
Various dwellings of individuals that are unhealthy for them are damaged by the project, according to the social aspects. The project must make payments to the homeowners who lose their houses. Furthermore, it gives people work. The project is unable to offer the payments needed by the inhabitants for their homes due to cost overruns. Numerous people who were affected by the project lost their houses, and they are now demanding the project to cover their relocation expenses and property loss payments (Carlsson Norlin, 2022). People in the nation are also given employment by it. Public discontent due to both cost overruns and environmental problems.
Technological factors
The genuine site was digitally recreated using visual and geographical data. The project included building information modeling to improve the resources' upkeep, creation, and design. Lack of IT implementation causes a variety of issues for the project, including delayed decision-making and inaccurate information. In order to create a digital reproduction of the project's path, such as from London to Birmingham, the project employs drones to collect data. Due to the implementation of the building activities, this serves to enable the project's stakeholders. The BIM approach is used to improve the production and design of assets. The project needed to implement IT, however there was a shortage of project deployment in the created various issues.
Environmental factors
A green corridor with trees and bushes established by the project may have an impact on it. Due to its extremely high speed, the train required a lot of power and carbon emissions. More than other autos, trains will be impacted by it. The project may satisfy environmental needs and is environmentally benign. They currently strive to be carbon neutral, but many critics question if this truly considers the environmental effect.
Legal factors
The project is being impacted by a number of legal issues. A bill was filed for the project whose first phase received approval, however the second phase did not. The approval process might take four years. Due to conflicts of interest in construction that are particularly harmful for the project, they are also dealing with a variety of legal difficulties. The initial phase of the project will be funded through a bill that the government drafted called the "High Speed Rail Bill." The approval process for the second phase might take four years. The project is dealing with a variety of legal issues as a result of the construction company's conflicts of interest.
Strengths
The project's primary benefit is its increased rail connectivity and capacity. It benefits individuals by generating new jobs and contributes to the fight against climate change. The higher speed of high-speed trains as compared to regular trains also helps passengers get to their destination quickly (Al-Saffar et al, 2022). It may significantly take care of the passengers by creating extra seats or spaces for individuals. The most vulnerable regions are protected through tunneling. Long-distance travel has a low-carbon alternative, and additional efforts are urged to cut back on the use of cars and planes.
Weaknesses
The proposal has a negative influence on politics, the economy, and the environment. There will be a lot of homes demolished that the local people do not want. The carbon footprint of HS2 construction is significant (Nowicka, 2022). Few stations restrict the overall number of towns directly along the route that may use transit.
Opportunities
Using the right techniques reduces resource imputation and absorbs CO2. The optimal integration and communication between the numerous communication channels on new stations. HSR will be more effective in reducing CO2 if the electrical source eventually becomes carbon-free (Schneider and Cottineau, 2019).
Threats
The massive use of electricity may result in less coal being stored. Future generations may experience energy shortages, which may result in a coal scarcity.
Stakeholder identification is a very important part of the project. Construction projects are always embedded with a huge amount of people and groups who impact and influence a project in several ways. These kinds of people and groups adjacent to a project and affecting it are termed as stakeholders. Stakeholder engagement is highly important for any project to enhance its productivity, efficiency and sustainability (Derakhshan et al., 2020). In this context, it is required for the project managers to manage those people and groups efficiently so that the productivity and success rate of the projects boosts up immensely. The proper management and engagement of stakeholders requires appropriate identification which helps to involve the most important and significant stakeholders in the project (Ingvarsson et al., 2023). A large-scale project requires huge investment and greater monitoring. Thus, to involve those stakeholders significantly, an appropriate approach of stakeholder identification must be performed by the project manager to identify those stakeholders. HS2 is also a large-scale construction project looking to rejuvenate the traveling convenience of common people of the UK. Thus, stakeholder identification is highly important in this project leading to higher efficiency of the HS2 project.
The first major stakeholder of the HS2 project that has been identified in this study is HS2 Ltd. The HS2 Ltd. has been explored as the pioneer of the project helping in planning, designing and establishment of the project. The body has been found to provide it's hardest efforts on improvement and proper execution of the project. Thus, the dominance of HS2 Ltd over the project is highly leading to greater impact and influence on the project. The Department For Transport (DFT) is an administrative public body serving in the development of traveling convenience in England and adjacent areas (hs2.org.uk, 2023). The DFT has been an active participant in the project along with HS2 Ltd. and has helped in development of the HS2 rail line. The DFT is also a recognised as the major investor of the HS2 project helping to maintain fluidity in cash flow in the project. Besides this, it has also been explored that budget scheduling and its management has been a major task of the DFT.
Besides this, the UK government is also a major stakeholder of the HS2 project. The project is highly important for the UK government as it serves public interest. It has been explored that the UK government helped the HS2 project in legal affairs and at the same time assisted in getting huge land for the project. Thus, the UK government is seen to have a direct relationship with the project. It has been explored that the UK government has higher impacts and influence in tht project helping the project to get accomplished smoothly. The fourth major stakeholder of the HS2 project is Transport for London (TFL) which is also a transport management body of London helping solve traveling issues across the nation (newcivilengineer.com, 2022). The TFL administrative body is also focused on providing significant information and data about the project to the managing body of the HS2 project. The body is responsible for providing key facts about planning and execution of the project too leading towards appropriate completion of the project. Thus, TFT influences and impacts the project massively.
Apart from this, the train operating companies, west coast partnership are also key stakeholders of the HS2 project (hs2.org.uk, 2023). The train operating companies have been found to provide detailed information about the proper structure of the rail tracks. It helps in providing key procurements which are necessary for the appropriate completion of the project. Hence, their influence in the project is low but impact is high. On the other hand, the West Coast Partnership helps in boosting the efficiency of the HS2 project. It looks at maximizing the profit over the investment made (cjassociates.co.uk, 2023). The West Coast Partnership is also a highly impactful stakeholder helping execute the project. The influence of West Coast partnership in the project is medium but its impact over the project is massive. Besides this, the Contractors are also one of the key stakeholders of the project (newcivilengineer.com, 2022). It has been explored that the contractors helped the project by providing different Subcontractors which helped in the growing availability of the resources. The contractors assisted in maintaining the continuity of the project and at the same time helped in boosting the performance and productivity of the project. Thus, the Contractors have a good amount of impact over the project with a very low influence.
Apart from this, it has also been explored that Hitachi rails have been an important stakeholder for the HS2 project (hs2.org.uk, 2023). The HS2 project has been provided with a low noise rail track through technological advancements by Hitachi Rail. As a result of that, it is necessary for the project manager of the HS2 project to manage them efficiently. The impact of Hitachi rail in the project is massive and also has a medium influence over the project. Besides this, it has also been explored that Network Rail is also another major stakeholder of the HS2 project (newcivilengineer.com, 2022). It has been explored that the Network Rail body has been consistent and focused in developing rail routes across England. The Network Rail contributes to linking different parts of the UK through rail routes. Thus, the execution of the HS2 project is also influenced by Network Rail. Therefore, the Network Rail impacts the HS2 project massively and though its influence is medium.
Apart from this, the public and local communities of England and its adjacent states will also be benefited through the HS2 project. Thus, they are also key stakeholders of the HS2 project. They do not have any major potential of influencing the projects but can impact on the popularity of the project through word-of-mouth policy. Reporters, media professionals and bloggers are also key stakeholders as they deal in popularizing a project. The establishment of the HS2 project can be spread across different parts of the globe through these sets of stakeholders helping to grow the popularity of the project. They are capable of enhancing the project's popularity and therefore their impact is high in the project. Lastly, the NGO's, Environment Protection and Social rights prevention trusts and units can also influence the project. These stakeholders need to be managed carefully as lower monitoring can lead to legal restriction and pause in the project.
All these are the major stakeholders of the HS2 project and the project manager must manage them through significant plans and strategies. It has been explored that stakeholder engagement highly depends on level of communication with the stakeholders. Thus, communication plans for stakeholders are highly necessary to grow their impact and assistance in the project.
The above section of the study has incorporated the major stakeholders of the HS2 project. The study has included different sets of stakeholders who can impact the project directly or indirectly. After that, it is necessary to jot down a plan that can help to grow involvement of these stakeholders in the project. A stakeholder communication management plan must be developed by analyzing the power and influence of each set of stakeholders (Safapour et al., 2019). The importance of stakeholders also plays a key role in this aspect. A stakeholder communication plan is highly necessary to manage stakeholders needs and demands in a project. Apart from this, the stakeholder communication management plan is also necessary to develop the engagement and participation of the stakeholders in the project (Herath and Chong, 2021). It helps in getting significant key insights about the project and at the same time help to grow the popularity of the project. A communication plan must be diversified across different techniques and the frequency of communication with each set of stakeholders must also vary.
Keep Satisfied · West Coast Partnerships · Contractors · Transport for London (TFL) · Highways Agency · Canal & River Trust
| Manage Closely · HS2 Ltd · Department for Transport (DFT) of UK · UK government · Network Rail
|
Monitor · Common people · National and International media · Social bodies such as NGO’s
| Keep Informed · Train operating companies · Hitachi Rail
|
Table 3: Stakeholder Matrix
(Source: Self-Created)
In this scenario of the HS2 project, it is necessary to communicate daily with the major stakeholders. The stakeholders such as HS2 Ltd. must be managed closely due to their higher power and interest in the project. In these context, physical meetings with them along with communication through emails regularly will be the best possible way for communication. A similar approach must be pursued for the Department for Transportation who is another major participant of the HS2 project. The board of members of DFT must be communicated through Emails and Physical meetings which helps to keep them updated. This particular stakeholder must also be managed very closely. Besides this, the Transport for London body must be communicated weekly through proper memos and agendas. Being a key stakeholder, the TFL must be kept satisfied. The contractors must also be kept satisfied through proper release of payments as they are responsible for facilitating the project through key resources. Thus, it is important to keep them satisfied properly. The conduction of meetings with the contractors will be the best possible way to communicate.
The public and community must be monitored appropriately to understand their perspectives and expectations in the project. The participation in the media programs and hosting direct Q&A sessions once in a month will be the most effective approaches for communicating with this set of stakeholders. Nextly, West Coast Partnership who is responsible for mobilizing and execution of the HS2 project should also be kept satisfied. The communication over email with updated report and agenda summaries every 15 days will be significant to grow involvement of this set of stakeholders. Apart from this, Hitachi Rail and other Train operating companies have been found to silently assist the HS2 project. Therefore, due to their such contribution these stakeholders must be kept informed about the progress of the project to get timely support. The weekly meeting over video calls and sending of official letters will be the most appropriate approaches to communicate with these stakeholders.
One of the major stakeholders of the HS2 project is Network Rail which is dedicated to develop railway routes and tracks across the UK. Thus, Network Rail must be managed closely by the project manager. It is important to communicate with the executives of Network Rail weekly through online meetings over applications such as Zoom and Google Meet. Besides this, media, bloggers and reporters must be communicated every 15 days. A proper monitoring of these stakeholders are required to boost sustainability of the project. A similar scenario can be evaluated for the NGO's Environment Protection and Social Rights prevention bodies who can legally affect the project. Thus, they must be communicated through emails and memos once in a month.
Thus, the entire discussion highlighted the communication medium and frequency of communication with the stakeholders which helps in growing a proper communication plan for the HS2 project.
Strategy 1: Probability-Impact Matrix
Risk monitoring is a very crucial aspect in large scale projects. After creating a risk management plan, it is important to monitor those risks properly. In this context project managers must utilize significant approaches to monitor the risks effectively. The utilization of the Probability-Impact Matrix will be highly effective in this case (Afzal et al., 2021). It has been explored that the Probability-Impact Matrix helps to map the risks across their probability of occurrence and their impact on the project. Thus, based on the score provided, the risks are mapped in different order in the matrix.
Figure 1: Probability-Impact Matrix
(Source: justgetpmp.com, 2012)
Strategy 2: Risk Assessment matrix
The second strategy of risk monitoring is Risk Assessment matrix (Rabus, 2023). In this approach, the severity of the risk in the project after its occurrence has been given special interest. Besides this, risks are also quantified across their likelihood and frequency which helps to know about the dreadfulness of the risks. Thus, it clarifies the chances of occurrence of the risk and at the same time helps to monitor their influence in the project.
Figure 2: Risk Assessment matrix
(Source: Self-Created)
Assumptions
· Budget of HS2 may rise massively due to uncertain plans and frequent changes in execution.
· Rail routes of the UK will get prolonged and people staying in the outskirts of London can easily travel.
· The wildlife and natural resources can get affected for HS2 project which can affect sustainability of the project
Recommendations
· A proper project charter must be created along project schedule which will help to perform milestones within due time
· The infrastructure of the train platforms must be modernized and coordinations between stations must be developed
· Managing body of HS2 requires an inspirational and ambitious leader who can handle and perform the tasks efficiently.
HS2 is the second high speed rail route in London helping to connect different parts of the UK to London. The study portrayed the major risks that can affect the project success and correspondingly Qualification and Quantification of the risks are done to analyze their impact, frequency, severity and mitigating strategies. The external factors that affect the project have also been explored along with a thorough analysis of internal capabilities. Alongside, the stakeholders of the project have also been identified and a communication plan is also developed for them. Risk Assessment matrix and Probability-Impact matrix have been explored as effective approaches for monitoring project risks. Finally, few assumptions have been made and some recommendations are proposed which help to improve standards of the project.
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